こんにちは、ブジカエルです。
英文問題の対策もある程度しておこうと思います。
出題で使われるのは、国際的な機関が発表する文書であることがほとんどのようで、次の試験ももしそうであればありがたいことです。
英文
pubmedに掲載されている研究論文からの抜粋でした。
Associations of healthy lifestyle and socioeconomic status with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease: two prospective cohort studies
Yan-Bo Zhang,1 Chen Chen,1,2 Xiong-Fei Pan,1,3 Jingyu Guo,4 Yanping Li,5 Oscar H Franco,6 Gang Liu,7 An Pan1
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether overall lifestyles mediate associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the extent of interaction or joint relations of lifestyles and SES with health outcomes.
DESIGN
Population based cohort study.
SETTING
US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (US NHANES, 1988-94 and 1999-2014) and UK
Biobank.
PARTICIPANTS
44462 US adults aged 20 years or older and 399537 UK adults aged 37-73 years.
EXPOSURES
SES was derived by latent class analysis using family income, occupation or employment status, education level, and health insurance (US NHANES only), and three levels (low, medium, and high) were defined according to item response probabilities. A healthy lifestyle score was constructed using information on never smoking, no heavy alcohol consumption (women ≤1 drink/day; men ≤2 rinks/day; one drink contains 14 g of ethanol in the US and 8 g in the UK), top third of physical activity, and higher dietary quality.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
All cause mortality was the primary outcome in both studies, and CVD mortality and morbidity in UK
Biobank, which were obtained through linkage to registries.
RESULTS
US NHANES documented 8906 deaths over a mean follow-up of 11.2 years, and UK Biobank ocumented 22 309 deaths and 6903 incident CVD cases over a mean follow-up of 8.8-11.0 years. Among adults of low SES, age adjusted risk of death was 22.5 (95% confidence interval 21.7 to 23.3) and 7.4 (7.3 to 7.6) per 1000 person years in US NHANES and UK Biobank, respectively, and age adjusted risk of CVD was 2.5 (2.4 to 2.6) per 1000 person years in UK Biobank. The corresponding risks among adults of high SES were 11.4 (10.6 to 12.1), 3.3 (3.1 to 3.5), and 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) per 1000 person
years. Compared with adults of high SES, those of low SES had higher risks of all cause mortality (hazard ratio 2.13, 95% confidence interval 1.90 to 2.38 in US NHANES; 1.96, 1.87 to 2.06 in UK
Biobank), CVD mortality (2.25, 2.00 to 2.53), and incident CVD (1.65, 1.52 to 1.79) in UK Biobank, and the proportions mediated by lifestyle were 12.3% (10.7% to 13.9%), 4.0% (3.5% to 4.4%), 3.0% (2.5% to 3.6%), and 3.7% (3.1% to 4.5%), respectively. No significant interaction was observed between lifestyle and SES in US NHANES, whereas associations between lifestyle and outcomes were stronger among those of low SES in UK Biobank. Compared with adults of high SES and three or four healthy lifestyle factors, those with low SES and no or one healthy lifestyle factor had higher risks of all cause mortality (3.53, 3.01 to 4.14 in US NHANES; 2.65, 2.39 to 2.94 in UK Biobank), CVD mortality (2.65, 2.09 to 3.38), and incident CVD (2.09, 1.78 to 2.46) in UK Biobank.
CONCLUSIONS
Unhealthy lifestyles mediated a small proportion of the socioeconomic inequity in health in both US and UK adults; therefore, healthy lifestyle promotion alone might not substantially reduce the socioeconomic inequity in health, and other measures tackling social determinants of health are warranted. Nevertheless, healthy lifestyles were associated with lower mortality and CVD risk in different SES subgroups, supporting an important role of healthy lifestyles in reducing disease burden.
（1）1つめの下線部の訳出
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether overall lifestyles mediate associations of socioeconomic status (SES) with mortality and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the extent of interaction or joint relations of lifestyles and SES with health outcomes.
目的
ライフスタイル全般が社会経済状況状態と死亡率、心血管疾患の発症に影響を与えるかどうか、およびライフスタイルと社会経済状態と健康結果の相互作用または関連の度合いがを調べること。
概ねわかるのですが、問題文を最後まで読んでからのブラッシュアップする必要がありました。
（2）socieconomic statusを構成する要素
これを日本語で挙げろと。
社会経済状況は、「世帯収入、雇用状態、教育レベル、健康保険」に由来すると書かれているような。
（3）health lifestyle scoreを構成する要素
これを日本語で挙げろと。
健康的なライフスタイルスコアは、「喫煙しないこと、多量のアルコール飲料を飲まないこと、身体活動、良い食生活」と書いてあるような。
（4）2つめの下線部の訳出
CONCLUSIONS
Unhealthy lifestyles mediated a small proportion of the socioeconomic inequity in health in both US and UK adults; therefore, healthy lifestyle promotion alone might not substantially reduce the socioeconomic inequity in health, and other measures tackling social determinants of health are warranted. Nevertheless, healthy lifestyles were associated with lower mortality and CVD risk in different SES subgroups, supporting an important role of healthy lifestyles in reducing disease burden.
これを日本語にすると。
長いな。
結論
不健康なライフスタイルは、米国と英国両方の成人の健康において、社会経済状態の不公平に与える影響の程度は小さい。従って、健康的なライフスタイルの促進単独では、健康領域における社会経済状態の不公平を、大きくは減らさないかもしれない。また、健康の社会的決定要素を捉える他の測定に関する根拠を保障する結果となった。しかし、健康的なライフスタイルは、異なる社会経済状態のサブグループにおいて、死亡率の低下と心血管疾患リスクに関係しており、疾患負荷の減少が健康的なライフスタイルにおいて重要な役割を果たすことを裏付けている。
私の頭だとこんなもん。
終わりに
すごく難しいわけではないのですが、近年あまり英文を読んでいなかったことが悔やまれます。
何年か前ならもっと楽だった・・
